Journal of Integrative Science and Societal Impact
The Journal of Integrative Science and Societal Impact is a global platform dedicated to publishing pioneering research that connects scientific knowledge with meaningful societal outcomes. JISSI embraces interdisciplinary collaboration, evidence-based innovation, and transformative ideas that serve public good and sustainable futures.
With the licence CC-BY, authors retain the copyright, allowing anyone to download, reuse, re-print, modify, distribute, and/or copy their contribution. The work must be properly attributed to its author. It is not necessary to ask for further permission from the author or journal board. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
A STUDY OF SEASONAL ZOOPLANKTON PROPORTION FROM SUNEGAON LAKE TALUKA LOHA DIST. NANDED M.S., INDIA
The stability of the freshwater ecosystems around the world is being threatened by a number of different factors. Zooplanktons are extremely useful indicators of environmental stresses due to the fact that they are sensitive to disturbances from the outside world. Furthermore, this work provides a valuable resource for the management of the health of aquatic ecosystems and the preservation of aquatic biodiversity. At each of the five locations where samples were collected on an annual basis, seasonal variations were observed exhibiting themselves. Following an examination of the sample, it was discovered that there were zooplankton species present. These species included rotifers, copepods, cladocera, and ostracoda. The analysis of zooplankton is to be performed with the help of Sedgwick Rafter Cell Method in the laboratory.
Zooplankton, and Sedgwick Rafter Cell Method
Copyright (c) 2026 Susmita S. Khiratkar, Varsha F. Dabhade (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TECHNICAL TOOLS, PSYCHOLOGICAL TOOLS, AND PERSUASIVE MEDIATION IN AN ACTIVITY SYSTEM, A VYGOTSKIAN JUSTIFICATION AND A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ACCOUNT OF TOOLS
This article clarifies how “tools” function as mediators in cultural-historical activity theory by integrating Vygotsky’s analytic distinction between tools and signs with an activity-system model that separates a general Tool element from a Persuasive tool element. We argue that the Tool node is best read as a Vygotskian technical tool complex whose functional primacy is outward-oriented transformation of objects and material processes, while the Persuasive tool node is best read as a Vygotskian psychological tool complex whose primacy is semiotic regulation of attention, valuation, interpretation, and coordinated action. Two cautions guide the proposal: Vygotsky’s distinction is not an ontological split between “material” and “symbolic,” and the decomposition is a modeling choice justified when persuasion, legitimacy, or alignment work is constitutive of the activity’s object. Building on Engeström’s systemic account of mediation, we show how technical tools couple to operations, divisions of labor, and repeatable production routines, whereas persuasive tools operate through genres, scripts, metrics regimes, and visual-semiotic artifacts that frame what counts as evidence and what actions appear reasonable. We further propose a three-dimensional account in which every tool—technical or psychological—has (i) a material dimension (carriers, infrastructures, access), (ii) a symbolic dimension (culturally organized meanings and values), and (iii) a pragmatic dimension (instrument-in-use formed through utilization schemes and instrumental genesis). Finally, we outline how distinguishing technical and persuasive tools improves diagnosis of contradictions (measurement–meaning, access–authority, skill formation) and supports expansive learning analyses in education, research, and professional practice. The framework is intended for welfare-oriented, ethically governed persuasion in veterinary work.
Copyright (c) 2026 Federico De la Colina Flores , Heriberto Rodríguez Frausto, Tzitzi De la Colina García , Paul Alexis de la Colina Flores (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
NEEDS, MODES OF LIFE, AND WELFARE-ORIENTED FORMATION IN VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES: A MARXIST AND ACTIVITY-THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ROLES ACROSS THE TRAINING–WORK–RESEARCH CONTINUUM
Veterinary and animal sciences (including animal husbandry) intervene directly in modes of life: the historically developed patterns through which humans and animals reproduce existence, organize cooperation, and sustain welfare at the human–animal–ecosystem interface. This article proposes a Marxist and cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) framework for conceptualizing (i) the chain of satisfaction through which needs become motives and activities, (ii) three interdependent dimensions of needs (material, psychological, spiritual), and (iii) the differentiated formation and social function of undergraduate and graduate students, practicing professionals, and researchers. The argument is anchored in welfare as a public and democratic good: veterinary and animal science work is legitimate insofar as it enlarges the real capacities of communities—human and nonhuman—to live well, with accountable attention to equity, participation, and ecological limits. We translate the framework into implications for competence-oriented curricula and research training, emphasizing communication, production, and decision-making as core competency dimensions, and positioning learners as progressively responsible contributors to community welfare infrastructures rather than merely recipients of technical content.
Copyright (c) 2026 Federico De la Colina Flores , Heriberto Rodrígguez Frausto, Tzitzi De la Colina García , Paul Alexis de la Colina Flores (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION OF ICHTHYOFAUNA FROM ZARI DAM, TQ. PATHRI, PARBHANI M.S., INDIA
The Zari Dam, located in Tq. Pathri, Parbhani district, Maharashtra, represents a critical irrigation-fishery system in the Godavari basin, supporting Indian Major Carp (IMC) stocking and local livelihoods. This study systematically enumerates the ichthyofaunal diversity, quantifies species abundance, assesses ecological guilds, and evaluates conservation status through comprehensive surveys conducted from July 2022 to June 2024. Experimental gill netting, cast netting, and hook-and-line sampling across three littoral-pelagic stations documented dominant family Cyprinidae noted 5 species, 2 species from family Channidae, Cichlidae and Siluridae, 1 species of Notopteridae, Bagridae and Mastacembelidae. Present investigation from Zari dam, Prbhani district, Maharashtra, total 14 species of ichthyofauna noted
Copyright (c) 2026 Siddiqui Shafiya Mujeebuddin, Kharat Pravin Shamrao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL LIBRARIES: TRANSFORMING INFORMATION SERVICES
Purpose: This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to medical libraries and its contribution to the revolution of information services. It examines the role of AI technologies in increasing the level of information retrieval, user interaction, and evidence-based decision-making within a hospital setting. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a systematic narrative review, in which the analysis of peer-reviewed journals on AI in medical libraries, academic libraries, and healthcare information systems is made. Published materials of the last 3-5 years (2013-2026) were searched, filtered, and examined to find important themes, trends, advantages, and obstacles related to AI use. Findings: The results are that AI technologies and especially machine learning, natural language processing, and smart chatbots can make a substantial contribution to information discovery, routine processes automation, and personalized services. The integration of AI allows to improve efficiency and scalability and facilitate clinical decision-making with quicker access to biomedical information. Nonetheless, the issue of data privacy risks, algorithmic bias, technical illiteracy, and infrastructural obstacles prevent its mass implementation. Limitations of the Research: The research relies on secondary data hence restricting the ability to empirically validate the research. The results are also informed by the access to published literature, where most of the studies are based in the developed regions. Practical Implications: The article lays stress on the necessity of planning, professional education, ethics, and effective data management as the key to the successful implementation of AI in medical libraries. Originality/Value: The proposed study delivers a comprehensive view of AI-driven change in medical libraries and identifies some of the research gaps, which serve as guidance in subsequent research and practice
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunil Kumar, Jovita Kaur, Riju Kumari, Kehar Singh, Sonia Devi, Mamta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PREDICTIVE AI AND AGENTIC AI: EXAMINING KEY DIFFERENCES IN AUTONOMY, GOAL ORIENTATION, HUMAN INTERACTION, AND SYSTEM ACCOUNTABILITY
This study conducts a comprehensive comparison between predictive AI and agentic AI, focusing on critical dimensions such as autonomy, goal orientation, human interaction, and system accountability. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes datasets from industry reports, scholarly literature, and hypothetical case studies to highlight distinctions. Key findings reveal that predictive AI excels in data-driven forecasting with limited autonomy, relying heavily on human oversight for decision-making, while agentic AI demonstrates higher independence in pursuing complex goals, adapting dynamically to environments. The analysis underscores agentic AI's potential for enhanced efficiency but raises concerns over accountability and ethical risks. Conclusions emphasize the need for balanced integration of both paradigms to optimize AI applications in sectors like healthcare and cybersecurity, contributing to theoretical advancements and practical guidelines for AI deployment. This work bridges gaps in understanding evolving AI typologies, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nagaraju Devulapalli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AGENTIC AI AND THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE: A STUDY ON HOW GOAL-ORIENTED AUTONOMOUS AGENTS CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE HUMAN-LIKE INTELLIGENCE, REASONING, AND DECISION-MAKING ABILITIES
This study explores the transformative role of agentic AI goal-oriented autonomous systems in advancing toward artificial general intelligence (AGI). By integrating recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), reinforcement learning, and multi-agent frameworks, agentic AI enhances human-like reasoning, planning, and decision-making. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including analysis of benchmark datasets like AgentBench and GAIA, and surveys from over 1,300 AI professionals, the research evaluates performance metrics across cognitive tasks. Key findings reveal that agentic systems achieve 88.3% faster task completion and 90.4–96.2% cost reductions compared to human workflows, while improving reasoning accuracy by 32.5% in multi-step scenarios. However, limitations in handling edge cases and ethical biases persist. Conclusions underscore agentic AI's pivotal contribution to AGI, advocating hybrid neuro-symbolic architectures for robust, trustworthy intelligence. Implications extend to policy frameworks for safe deployment in sectors like finance and healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2026 Divye Dwivedi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AGENTIC AI IN MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS: EXPLORING THE COORDINATION, NEGOTIATION, AND COOPERATION OF AUTONOMOUS ARTIFICIAL AGENTS IN COMPETITIVE AND COLLABORATIVE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS
This study investigates the dynamics of agentic AI within multi-agent systems (MAS), focusing on coordination, negotiation, and cooperation mechanisms in competitive and collaborative digital ecosystems. Employing a simulation-based methodology utilizing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) frameworks, the research analyzes hypothetical yet realistic datasets derived from environments like the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge (SMAC) and Multi-Agent Particle Environment (MPE). Key findings reveal that collaborative scenarios yield higher success rates (up to 64.47%) and shorter negotiation times compared to competitive ones, while mixed environments exhibit balanced but volatile cooperation indices. Algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) demonstrate superior stability in convergence, though Deep Q-Networks (DQN) excel in reward maximization. The analysis underscores the need for adaptive negotiation protocols to mitigate autonomy-induced conflicts. Conclusions highlight implications for scalable AI deployment in real-world applications, such as supply chain optimization and autonomous robotics, advocating for hybrid governance models to foster emergent cooperation. This work bridges theoretical gaps in agentic interactions, offering reproducible insights for advancing MAS resilience.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deepthi Talasila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATION OF BLOCKCHAIN WITH ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING SYSTEMS FOR ACHIEVING TRANSPARENT TRANSACTION MONITORING, ENABLING IMMUTABLE AUDIT TRAILS, AND REDUCING REGULATORY NON-COMPLIANCE
This study explores the integration of blockchain technology with anti-money laundering (AML) systems to enhance transaction transparency, ensure immutable audit trails, and reduce regulatory non-compliance. Through a mixed-methods approach, including a systematic literature review and hypothetical dataset analysis, the research examines blockchain’s potential to address AML challenges in financial institutions. Findings indicate that blockchain-enabled AML systems improve transaction traceability by 35%, reduce compliance costs by 20%, and enhance audit reliability through immutable ledgers. However, scalability and regulatory harmonization remain barriers. The study proposes a framework for blockchain-AML integration and offers policy recommendations for stakeholders. These results contribute to the discourse on leveraging distributed ledger technology for financial regulatory compliance, highlighting practical and theoretical implications for global banking systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bharat Bhanushali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATION OF TOKENIZATION TECHNIQUES IN CLOUD PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR SECURING FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS AND REDUCING PCI COMPLIANCE OVERHEAD THROUGH DATA SUBSTITUTION MODELS
The rapid proliferation of cloud-based payment systems has amplified vulnerabilities in financial transactions, necessitating robust security measures to mitigate risks while alleviating the burdens of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliance. This study explores the integration of tokenization techniques, particularly data substitution models, into cloud payment architectures to enhance transaction security and streamline compliance processes. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including simulation-based analysis of hypothetical yet realistic datasets from e-commerce transactions and a review of algorithmic implementations, the research evaluates tokenization's efficacy in reducing sensitive data exposure. Key findings reveal a 45% reduction in PCI compliance overhead through tokenized data flows and a 62% decrease in breach-related risks, as measured by simulated attack vectors. These outcomes underscore tokenization's role in fostering secure, scalable cloud ecosystems. The study concludes with implications for financial institutions adopting hybrid substitution models, advocating for standardized frameworks to balance security and operational efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mr. Anuj Aggarwal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS: ENHANCING PREDICTIVE FORECASTING, ROUTE OPTIMIZATION, AND REAL-TIME DEMAND MANAGEMENT
This study investigates the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics, focusing on predictive forecasting, route optimization, and real-time demand management. Employing a mixed-methods approach including a systematic literature review of 45 empirical studies and empirical analysis using real-world datasets from Kaggle's DataCo Smart Supply Chain and Smart Logistics Supply Chain the research demonstrates AI's capacity to reduce forecasting errors by up to 47%, optimize routes for 25-35% cost savings, and enable real-time demand adjustments with 92% accuracy. Key findings reveal that machine learning models like LSTM outperform traditional methods, while reinforcement learning excels in dynamic routing. The study bridges a critical research gap by integrating these three domains, offering actionable insights for practitioners. Implications include enhanced resilience, sustainability, and competitiveness in volatile markets. Limitations such as data quality and computational demands are discussed, with recommendations for future hybrid AI-blockchain frameworks. This work contributes to SCM theory by extending dynamic capabilities theory and provides a blueprint for AI adoption in logistics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abhishek Chatrath (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
BIAS, FAIRNESS, AND INCLUSIVITY IN GENERATIVE AI SYSTEMS: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF ALGORITHMIC BIAS, REPRESENTATION GAPS, AND THE CHALLENGES OF ENSURING EQUITY IN AI-GENERATED OUTPUTS
Generative AI systems such as large language models (LLMs), image synthesizers, and multimodal frameworks have transformed content creation while also exposing and amplifying systemic biases that undermine fairness and inclusivity. This study critically examines algorithmic bias in model outputs, representation gaps across marginalized demographic groups, and the efficacy of mitigation strategies using data primarily from 2023–2024 benchmark evaluations and fairness research. We draw on established datasets and benchmarks including the HolisticBias descriptor dataset, which covers hundreds of demographic axes to probe stereotyping and toxicity in language models, and demographic face datasets like FairFace designed to balance race, gender, and age representation. Holistic bias evaluations reveal measurable disparities in model behavior across gender, race, disability, and other identity dimensions, illustrating persistent stereotyping and unequal treatment in generated text and image outputs. Gendered occupational associations, for instance, remain prevalent in LLM outputs, while vision models continue to show performance gaps across underrepresented subgroups in facial analysis. Mitigation experiments — including targeted counterfactual data augmentation, bias-aware prompts, and fairness-aware training adjustments — demonstrate reductions in measurable bias, though significant gaps remain, particularly at intersections of identity. Drawing on this analysis, we propose a tripartite framework emphasizing data curation grounded in demographic coverage, systematic model auditing with established bias benchmarks, and stakeholder-informed model design to advance equity in generative AI. Overall, our work integrates empirical bias metrics with design and policy recommendations to support more inclusive and accountable generative systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aashay Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF AGENTIC AI SYSTEMS: EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION FROM PREDICTIVE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS TO AUTONOMOUS, GOAL-DIRECTED, AND DECISION-MAKING ARTIFICIAL AGENTS IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS
This study investigates the transformative evolution of artificial intelligence from predictive machine learning models to agentic AI systems capable of autonomous, goal-directed decision-making in complex environments. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including systematic literature review, simulation-based experiments on realistic datasets, and performance benchmarking, we analyse key architectural shifts, empirical outcomes, and theoretical implications. Main findings reveal that agentic systems enhance task completion rates by up to 40% in dynamic settings compared to traditional models, driven by advancements in reinforcement learning and multi-agent collaboration. However, challenges such as ethical alignment and scalability persist. We conclude that agentic AI represents a paradigm shift toward proactive intelligence, with implications for industries like healthcare and robotics. Future directions emphasize hybrid human-AI frameworks to mitigate risks while maximizing societal benefits. This research bridges gaps in understanding long-term adaptability, offering a reproducible methodology for ongoing evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mr. Suprith Anchala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FARMERS’ NEED FOR CLIMATE SERVICES AND INFORMATION FOR AGRICULTURAL DECISION-MAKING IN NORTH-CENTRAL NAMIBIA
This study aims to identify farmers' needs for climate and agricultural information, assess effectiveness of its delivery channels, and explore role of technology and mobile applications in improving access to climate services and enhancing agricultural adaptation. This is achieved through collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from selected villages in Oshana and Omosati. Results show that majority of farmers in Oshana and Omosati are women (55.5%), and most have a secondary education or higher. Their ages range from young to middle-aged. They face significant challenges, including limited financing (51.7%), high production costs (29.1%), poor weather forecasting (75.5%), and prevalence of crop diseases (79.5%). They struggle to use mobile phones due to cost, weak network coverage, and a lack of training. Farmers need information on soil preparation (87%), fertilizers (81.5%), pesticide application (78.8%), resource management, and crop selection. They request comprehensive weather and climate data, with regional variations in some indicators. They primarily use radio (84.2%) and neighbours (67.8%) for information, while reliance on mobile phones (41.8%), computers (14.4%), and television (28.1%) is increasing. The study concludes that farmers need diverse climate services and information and communication technology tools, but they lack appropriate devices. They rely on soil and climate information to determine timing of land preparation, planting, fertilization, and pesticide management, and they often access this information via smartphones. It recommends educating farmers and providing them with timely and appropriate climate information, disseminating rainfall forecasts using accessible technologies, and supporting policies to enhance effectiveness of agricultural extension services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Integrative Science and Societal Impact
PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF PEOPLE TOWARDS WILDLIFE IN COMMUNITIES AROUND KAINJI LAKE NATIONAL PARK, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATION ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Protected areas (PA) provide valuable habitats for wildlife and are considered as ecotourism hotspots, worldwide. Nonetheless, wild animals can have significant impacts on livelihoods of communities surrounding PA. In turn, locals can develop a negative attitude towards wildlife, escalating conflict and undermining conservation initiatives. However, there is paucity of information on factors influencing peoples' perception and attitude towards wildlife in Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP). Therefore, this study was designed to examine the factors influencing perception and attitude of people towards wildlife in KLNP. Communities were stratified into three groups: A (<3 km), B (3-6 km) and C (>6 km), based on their distances from KLNP boundary. Twenty three communities were purposively selected based on accessibility. A total of three hundred and twenty two (322) household heads were conveniently selected for this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at α0.05. Majority (66.1%) of the respondents are male, married (78.3%), and they are mostly farmers (52.8%) with an annual income ranging from ₦100,000-₦200,000.00. Significant positive predictors of household attitude towards wild animals were income (β=2.14) and education (β=1.01) in communities A (R2=0.41). Gender (β=0.63) and crop raiding (β=-2.15) were significant positive and negative predictors of respondents’ attitude in communities B (R2=0.23). Only destruction of stored food (β =0.171) was a significant positive predictor of households’ attitude in communities under category C (R2=0.36). Income (β=1.527) and education (β=1.228) were significant positive predictors of perception in category A while income (β=2.446) and education (β=0.942) predicted respondents’ perception in communities under category C (R2=0.17). Expansion of formal and adult education as well as livelihood diversification (skills acquisition programs) would go a long way in improving community attitude towards wildlife.
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Understanding the role of ecosystem services in climate change is fundamental for several reasons. Ecosystems offer services that benefit human well-being, such as food provision, water purification, climate regulation, and natural hazard mitigation. These services are crucial for supporting adaptation strategies by offering essential resources and buffering against the impacts of climate change. This paper investigates the multi-dimensional contributions of ecosystem services to climate change adaptation, emphasizing their economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Ecosystems themselves possess adaptive capacities that can be crucial for human adaptation. Natural habitats like wetlands, forests, and mangroves have shown resilience and the ability to mitigate climate-related risks by, for instance, buffering against floods, sequestering carbon, and providing habitats for diverse species. However, climate change poses significant threats to these services. Therefore, studying ecosystem services in the context of climate change adaptation becomes critical for understanding vulnerabilities and developing strategies to protect, restore and manage these services. Integrating this understanding into adaptation planning and policymaking can foster more effective strategies to cope with the challenges posed by climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Integrative Science and Societal Impact
GEO-POLITICS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS--ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, TRADE AGREEMENTS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ON RARE EARTH ELEMENTS: PRODUCTION AND GLOBAL TRADE
This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the strategic positions of India, Australia, and select African nations (South Africa, Namibia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania) within the global Rare Earth Elements (REE) supply chain and examines the geopolitical and economic significance of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the context of global supply chains, with a particular focus on the strategic vulnerabilities arising from China’s overwhelming dominance in extraction, processing, and manufacturing. By analyzing the roles of India, Australia, and select African nations, the study employs robust quantitative methodologies—including time series analysis, correlation matrices, panel regressions, and the Gravity Model—to assess production capacities, foreign direct investment (FDI), policy frameworks, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks from 2016 to 2023. The findings reveal that China keeps over 90% control in REE processing and manufacturing, creating significant strategic risks for other nations dependent on these critical minerals for technological advancement and energy transition. The analysis proves that increasing domestic refining capacity, attracting FDI, and strengthening governance are essential for countries seeking economic resilience and strategic autonomy as far as rare minerals are concerned. Notably, the research finds strong positive correlations between FDI, refining capacity, and REE production, underscoring the importance of investment in value-added activities. Policy simulations, such as Difference-in-Differences and Impulse Response analyses, further illustrate how strategic policy interventions can meaningfully alter production trajectories and reduce dependency on single-source suppliers. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations, advocating for the diversification of supply sources, the development of comprehensive domestic value chains, and enhanced international cooperation through trade agreements and strategic alliances. These insights are vital for emerging and resource-rich nations aiming to mitigate dependency on China, strengthen technological sovereignty, and navigate the evolving geopolitics of critical minerals amid the global shift toward sustainable energy and innovation.
MANAGING CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENTS FOR STUDENTS ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
This research study investigates the complexities of classroom management in public secondary schools in Kogi State, Nigeria, and the relationship between classroom management strategies, patterns of engagement, participation, and academic performance. Classroom management quality, including teacher-student relationships, classroom organization, and available resources, among other factors, is crucial in fostering a productive and engaging learning environment. Unfortunately, and especially in Kogi State, shortcomings in the infrastructure of public secondary schools, overcrowded classrooms, and limited instructional materials have affected the ability to manage classrooms to provide the best learning conditions. However, the research identifies clear classroom management strategies that contribute to effective classroom management, including setting and communicating expectations, developing positive teacher-student relationships, utilizing active learning strategies, and promoting student participation and academic engagement in learning, which leads to improved outcomes. The research highlights the importance of targeted, specific interventions, finding time in a busy school calendar for teacher professional development training, and reforming public secondary school education policy to address the chronic regional infrastructure shortage and sustain teacher training and education improvement plans. The research concludes that by appropriately improving classroom management based on the needs of students in Kogi State, teachers can be more effective in maximizing student engagement, academic performance, and overall student development. The implications are critical for educators, researchers, policymakers, and any entities working towards improving educational standards and the quality of education for public secondary school learners in Kogi State.
ABANDONED BUT NOT FORGOTTEN LEGAL STRUGGLES OF MENTALLY ILL INDIVIDUALS IN WEST JAVA
This study aims to examine the legal protection afforded to people with mental disorders (ODGJ) who are neglected in West Java in relation to the principle of justice. Using a normative juridical approach supported by field data, the research analyzes relevant legal provisions and institutional practices by involving interviews with stakeholders such as the Social Affairs Office, Health Department, and psychiatric institutions. The findings reveal that although the legal framework for the protection of ODGJ is sufficiently established through national laws and regional regulations, its implementation remains fragmented due to lack of formal coordination, limited resources, and inadequate post-rehabilitation support. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of an integrated and binding inter-agency framework that promotes sustainable care, equitable access, and the realization of human rights for mentally ill individuals. Strengthening legal instruments and reinforcing collaborative mechanisms across sectors are imperative to ensure justice and dignity for ODGJ.
THE ROLE OF COUNSELLORS AND PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION ON THE EDUCATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL NEEDS OF THE STUDENTS
The paper focused on the role of counsellors and parents-teacher’s association (PTA) on the educational and emotional needs of students in Ondo State. The population of the study consisted of all the counsellors, teachers and parents in Ondo State. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 teachers, 50 counsellors and 50 parents making a total of one hundred and fifty (150) respondents. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire titled “Role of Counsellors and Parents Teachers Association (PTA)’’on four point Likert scale. Pearson product moment correlation was used to determine the correlation coefficient which was 0.72. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The hypotheses were tested using correlation and t-test. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between school counsellor and educational development of the student. The result showed that there was a significant relationship between Parents-teachers’ association and educational development of the student. The results showed that there was a significant difference between teachers and educational development of the student. Finally, the results showed that there was a significant influence of school counsellors, parents teachers association and teachers and educational need of the student. The study concluded that counsellors and parents-teacher’s association (PTA) influenced the educational and emotional need of the student in Ondo State. It was recommended amongst others that government should make available e-counselling facilities that could enhance counselling activities both in school and non-school setting.
SYPHILIS – MATERNAL SYPHILIS LEADS TO CONGENITAL SYPHILIS, STILL A MAJOR GLOBAL HEALTH CONCERN
Syphilis remains a significant global health challenge, particularly when transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy. Maternal syphilis can result in congenital syphilis, a condition associated with severe complications, including miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, and long-term neonatal morbidity. Despite the availability of reliable diagnostic tools and highly effective treatment with penicillin, the prevalence of maternal syphilis continues to rise in many low- and middle-income countries, highlighting persistent gaps in screening, treatment coverage, and healthcare access. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies congenital syphilis as a leading preventable cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, with hundreds of thousands of affected infants each year. The pathogenesis of congenital syphilis involves transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum, typically after the first trimester, though risk is present throughout pregnancy. Early maternal infection carries the highest risk of adverse outcomes, underscoring the need for timely screening and intervention. Antenatal care plays a critical role in prevention, yet barriers such as limited laboratory capacity, lack of awareness, social stigma, and inequitable healthcare systems impede progress. Recent public health initiatives focus on scaling up universal antenatal screening, integrating rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests, and ensuring immediate access to penicillin treatment. Innovative strategies such as partner notification, digital health interventions, and community-based awareness campaigns are also gaining importance in reducing maternal and congenital syphilis. Eliminating congenital syphilis is achievable with sustained global commitment, comprehensive policy implementation, and strengthening of maternal healthcare systems. Future research should emphasize health equity, cost-effective diagnostic approaches, and culturally sensitive prevention programs to address this long-standing yet preventable public health crisis.
APPLICATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF EFFECTIVE E-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
This research study investigates the advantages of employing Cloud Computing in the context of E-business Management in the market. We agree that Cloud Computing can improve the functionality of E-Business Management by providing a flexible and scalable infrastructure to meet the needs of enterprises of all sizes in there. The article explores the different applications of cloud computing in e-business, such as hosting e-commerce websites, maintaining customer data, and offering on-demand computer resources. The authors also cover the various problems and factors that firms should keep in mind while implementing cloud computing for their E-Business operations. The introduction of cloud computing has resulted in significant changes to how businesses operate and deliver services. Cloud computing has had an important effect on e-business. E-business is the use of electronic platforms to streamline business transactions and processes. The use of cloud computing in e-business has the possible to enhance operational while also providing firms with a flexible and scalable works that suits their requirements. Overall, the research contends that cloud computing has the possible to considerably improve the efficiency and effectiveness of E-Business, and that enterprises should carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks before taking to implement it also.
SPERM ENZYMES AND THEIR CRITICAL ROLE IN FERTILIZATION AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sperm enzymes are essential parts of fertilization and intercourse reproduction. These enzymes, generally located in the acrosome of semen, ease important biochemical processes required for favorable seed germination. Among the most meaningful enzymes are acrosin and hyaluronidase, which assist in breaking down the protective impediments encircling the seed. Acrosin, for instance, degrades the zona pellucida, while hyaluronidase acts on the cumulus oophorus to admit semen to reach the seed. Additionally, proteases within semen enhance action and further enhance the strength of semen to guide it along the route, often over water through the female reproductive tract. The linked conduct of these enzymes ensures that semen is smart enough to pierce and fertilize the seed capably. In addition to their basic role in implantation, semen enzymes still interact accompanying the semen to maintain sperm being and flexibility, improving reproductive benefits. Recent research has further surveyed the broader associations of semen enzymes in male virility, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for unproductive disease and treatment strategies. Understanding these concerns with atom and molecule change functions is critical for boosting assisted generative sciences and reconstructing fertility effects. This paper tests the differing enzymes in the direction of sperm, their individual functions in the implantation process, and their fuller implications in generative strength and intercourse function.
ADOPTION OF SECURE SESSION MANAGEMENT IN MULTI-DEVICE APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATING SESSION HIJACKING AND REPLAY ATTACKS THROUGH TOKEN ROTATION AND EXPIRY CONTROLS
In the era of ubiquitous multi-device ecosystems, secure session management emerges as a critical pillar for safeguarding user interactions against session hijacking and replay attacks. This study investigates the adoption dynamics of token rotation and expiry controls within multi-device applications, employing a mixed-methods approach encompassing surveys of 500 developers and simulated attack scenarios on 1,000 sessions. Key findings reveal an average adoption rate of 78% for expiry controls but only 75% for token rotation, with combined implementation reducing hijacking success by 89% and replay attacks by 92%. Industries like finance exhibit higher compliance (88%), while social media lags (67%). The research underscores barriers such as implementation complexity and legacy system integration, proposing a replicable framework for enhanced security. These insights contribute to cybersecurity theory by validating token-based mitigations and offer practical guidelines for developers, emphasizing proactive expiry and rotation policies to fortify multi-device resilience. Ultimately, widespread adoption could avert billions in annual breach costs, fostering a more secure digital landscape.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rohit Ahuja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE ARCHITECTURE OF AGENTIC AI SYSTEMS: A TECHNICAL STUDY ON PLANNING, MEMORY, GOAL-ORIENTED REASONING, AND ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR BUILDING ROBUST AUTONOMOUS AGENTS
This study delves into the architectural foundations of agentic AI systems, emphasising planning mechanisms, memory structures, goal-oriented reasoning processes, and environment interaction protocols essential for developing robust autonomous agents. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including a systematic literature review of 10 key studies and empirical analysis using benchmarks like τ-Bench and Auto-SLURP, the research uncovers critical design principles that enhance agent autonomy and reliability. Key findings reveal that hybrid memory architectures integrating episodic and vector-based storage improve long-horizon planning by 28% in simulated environments, while multi-agent orchestration frameworks mitigate reasoning errors in dynamic interactions. These insights underscore the need for scalable, ethical architectures to bridge current gaps in real-world deployment. Ultimately, the study contributes a reproducible framework for agent design, advocating for interdisciplinary integration to advance AI toward general intelligence, with implications for industries like healthcare and logistics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ajay Simha Rangappa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0